孟子

《孟子》
《孟子》，四书之一,是儒家学派思想家、哲学家孟子抒发自己政治、教育、哲学、伦理等思想观点的语录集。本书记录了孟子于战国时期周游列国，与各国统治者及孟子的学生们的谈话。本书由孟子及其弟子编作，成书于公元前四世纪晚期。本书为语录体，它所倡导的“人性本善”，贯穿于整本书的谈话之中，而对于具体问题的论述，则在孟子给统治者提出的建议当中有所体现。《孟子》是儒家学派经典著作，与《论语》相比，它的论述体现出了一定的进步性。

Mencius（book）
The Mencius, one of the “Four Books”, is a collection of anecdotes and conversations of the Confucian thinker and philosopher Mencius on topics in moral and political philosophy, often between Mencius and the rulers of the various Warring States. The Mencius records his travels and audiences with the various rulers of the Warring States period, his students, and his other contemporaries. A number of linguistic and textual clues suggest that the text was not only written by Mencius himself but also by his disciples, probably during the late 4th century BC. The Mencius comprises alternating short sayings and extensive dialogues on specific philosophical arguments. Its fundamental positions, such as Mencius' famous argument in chapter 6 that human nature is inherently good, are usually presented as conversations between Mencius and contemporaneous thinkers, while arguments on specific issues usually appear in records of his advice and counsel to various rulers. The Mencius was one of the most important texts of early Confucianism, and represents a notable advance over the Analects of Confucius in terms of sophistication of argument.

作者

孟子
孟子(约前372年-前289年)，中国伟大的思想家、教育家，被尊称为“亚圣”，仅次于孔子。孟子名轲，战国时期邹国(今山东邹城市)人。作为儒家学派的代表人物，孟子曾经游历多国宣传他的政治主张。一般认为，孟子"受业子思（孔子的孙子）之门人"。据记载，孟子游历各国的时长前后有二十多年，他主张“仁政”“民本”的思想，并以此为基，为君主提出建议。

Mencius
Mencius or Mengzi (372–289 BC or 385–303 or 302 BC) was a Chinese philosopher who has often been described as the "second Sage", that is after only Confucius himself. Mencius, also known by his birth name Meng Ke, was born in the State of Zou, now locating in the territory of Shandong Province. He was an itinerant Chinese philosopher and sage, and one of the principal interpreters of Confucianism. Supposedly, he was a pupil of Confucius's grandson, Zisi. Like Confucius, according to legend, he travelled throughout China for twenty years to offer advice to rulers for reform.

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《孟子》

赖发洛

英国政府官员、汉学家Leonard Arthur Lyall(1867-?)1886 年以海关洋员的身份来华，在华40余年。一生翻译数部中国典籍，包括《孟子》（Mencius）。他的《孟子》译文基本使用单音节英语，译文取得良好语言效果。该译本1932年在伦敦出版，此后数次在不同地区再版。除了英译《孟子》之外，他还分别翻译《中庸》(1927)和《论语》(1909)两书并数次再版。

Leonard Arthur Lyall

Leonard Arthur Lyall（1867-?）came to China as a customs official in 1886. He lived in China for 40 years or so and translated several Chinese Classics including Mencius. He mainly adopted monosyllabic English words in the translation of the Mencius, which achieved a good effect. This translation of his was first published in London in 1932, and reissues of it prevailed in different parts of the world. He also translated the Doctrine of the Mean (1927) and the Analects (1909) which were reprinted time after time.

《孟子》

理雅各
理雅各(James Legge，1815年-1897年)是近代英国著名汉学家，曾任香港英华书院校长，伦敦布道会传教士。他是第一个系统研究、翻译中国古代经典的人，从1861年到1886年的25年间，将《四书》、《五经》等中国主要典籍全部译出，共计28卷，他也是儒莲翻译奖的第一个获得者。1840年1873年间，理雅各作为伦敦传教会传教士，在马六甲以及香港传教，他也是牛津大学的第一位汉语教授。理雅格的多卷本《中国经典》、《法显行传》、《中国的宗教:儒教、道教与基督教的对比》和《中国编年史》等著作在西方汉学界占有重要地位。

James Legge
James Legge (20 December 1815 – 29 November 1897) was a Scottish sinologist, missionary, and scholar, best known as an early and prolific translator of Classical Chinese texts into English. The Chinese Classics earned him the first Prix Stanislas Julien. Legge served as a representative of the London Missionary Society in Malacca and Hong Kong (1840–1873) and was the first Professor of Chinese at Oxford University (1876–1897). In association with Max Müller he prepared the monumental Sacred Books of the East series, published in 50 volumes between 1879 and 1891.

《孟子》

赵甄陶
赵甄陶（1921-2000），湖南湘潭人。主要从事语言文学教学与研究。1946年毕业于湖南大学经济系。湖南师范大学外国语学院英语系教授，著名学者、翻译家、诗人。1980年，翻译《毛泽东诗词》为英文格律诗，蜚声海内外。
1993年由赵甄陶翻译的《孟子》(Mencius)出版发行了。该译本是90年代后期国内最具影响力的《孟子》英译本，后被《大中华文库》收录，1999年再次出版。

Zhao Zhentao
As a professor of Foreign Studies School, Hunan Normal University, Zhao Zhentao(1921-2000) was also an academic, translator, and poet. He graduated in 1946, from Department of Economics, Hunan University, and devoted himself to literary teaching and research afterwards. He gained a high reputation both at home and abroad - for he translated the Poetry of Mao Zedong into English metrical poetry. In 1993, Zhao’s translation of the Mencius was published, and it was considered as the most influential version in China in the late 1990’s. In 1999, this version was compiled by Library of Chinese Classics and published again.

《孟子》

戴维·欣顿
戴维·欣顿（1954- ）美国诗人、译者，生于美国犹他州。他曾在康奈尔大学、中国台湾学习中文，是20世纪第一位将中国古代最著名的四部哲学典籍《论语》、《孟子》、《道德经》和《庄子》独自全部译成英语的西方翻译家。

David Hinton
David Hinton(1954- ) is an American poet, and translator. Born in Utah, he later studied Chinese at Cornell University, and in Taiwan. As a western translator, he is the first person in the 20th century who succeeded by himself to translate Analects, Mencius, Tao Te Ching and Zhuangzi, the four most renowned philosophical classics of Chinese ancient times.

《孟子》

柯大卫

柯大卫(David Collie) （-1828）是19世纪初期伦敦会派往马六甲的传教士, 曾随马礼逊学习中文，后任教于英华书院，是该院的第三任院长。主持英华书院期间,著译了十几种中英作品,培养了一批熟悉中西文化的学生,在19世纪初期的中西文化交流史上占有一席之地。

David Collie

David Collie (-1828) was a missionary sent to Malacca in London in the early 19th century. He studied Chinese with Morrison and later taught at Yinghua College, the third president of the school. During the presidency of Yinghua College, he translated a dozen Chinese and English works and trained a group of students who are familiar with Chinese and Western cultures. He had a place in the history of Chinese and Western cultural exchanges in the early 19th century.

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作者