老子

英语法语

老子

《老子》

《老子》是春秋时期老子的哲学作品，又称《道德经》，是中国古代先秦诸子分家前的一部著作，其具体成书时间仍有待考量。《道德经》与《庄子》并称为道家思想的奠基石。本书对法家、儒家等学说影响深远，包括佛教起初被引入中国时，也运用了许多道家术语与观念。《老子》为许多诗人、书法家、园林学家等中国艺术家提供了灵感，被翻译成多种语言，影响着东亚乃至整个世界。

本书包括616个单句。

The Laozi, also known as the Tao Te Ching (Classic of the Way and Virtue), was composed before the various classical philosophers of ancient China formed distinct schools of thought. The exact date of its composition remains a subject of scholarly debate. Regarded as a foundational text of Daoism, the Tao Te Ching, together with the Zhuangzi, laid the cornerstone for Daoist philosophy. It profoundly influenced other Chinese schools of thought such as Legalism and Confucianism. Many of the initial interpretations of Buddhism also relied heavily on Daoist terminology and concepts when it was first introduced to China. The Laozi has served as a profound source of inspiration for generations of Chinese artists, including poets, calligraphers, and landscape designers. Having been translated into numerous languages, its impact extends across East Asia and throughout the world.

作者

老子
老子，中国古代哲学家、作家，姓李名耳，字伯阳，号曰聃，作《道德经》（即《老子》），道家学派创始人和主要代表人物，春秋末期人，生卒年不详。老子被唐朝帝王追认为李姓始祖。老子崇尚“无为”，主张顺其自然，合乎天理。在政治上，老子主张无为而治、不言之教。在权术上，老子讲究物极必反之理。在修身方面，老子是道家性命双修的始祖，讲究虚心实腹、不与人争的修持。他的思想既对法家学派影响深远，又被起义运动的支持者所广泛接受。

Laozi (literally "Old Master") was an ancient Chinese philosopher and writer. In traditional accounts, Laozi's personal name is usually given as Li Er, and his courtesy name as Boyang. A prominent posthumous name was Li Dan. He is the reputed author of the Tao Te Ching, the founder of philosophical Taoism, and a deity in religious Taoism and traditional Chinese religions. Some modern historians consider him to have lived during the Warring States period of the 4th century BC. Laozi is claimed by both the emperors of the Tang dynasty and modern people of the Li surname as a founder of their lineage. His philosophy champions "non-action" (wuwei), advocating alignment with the natural and accordance with the heavenly principle. Politically, he advocated governance through non-action and teaching without words. In terms of strategy, he emphasized the principle that "reversal is the movement of the Dao"—all things turn into their opposites when they reach an extreme. In self-cultivation, Laozi is considered the progenitor of the Daoist practice that nurtures both innate nature and vital energy, stressing humility, inner contentment, and non-contention. His ideas significantly influenced the Legalist school and were also widely embraced by supporters of rebellious movements.

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《老子》

亚瑟·韦利

亚瑟·威利（Arthur Waley）（1888～1966），著名英国汉学家、文学翻译家。精通汉文、满文、蒙文、梵文、日文和西班牙文等语种。他一生撰著和译著共200余种，其中大部分都与中国文化有关。《不列颠百科全书》介绍他说：“他是20世纪前半个世纪中的最杰出的东方学家，也是将东方文种译为英文的最杰出的翻译家。……他是一位诗人和诗歌的创新者。由于他的译作，使中国文学易于为西方读者接受了。”

Arthur Waley

Arthur Waley (1888-1966), a famous British sinologist and literary translator. He was a Proficient in Chinese, Manchu, Mongolian, Sanskrit, Japanese and Spanish. He has written and translated more than 200 kinds of his life, most of which are related to Chinese culture. The Encyclopedia Britannica introduced him: "He is the most outstanding orientalist in the first half of the 20th century and the most outstanding translator in translating Eastern languages into English.... He is a poet and poet the innovator. His translations made Chinese literature accessible to Western readers.

《老子》

辜正坤

辜正坤，1952年生，北大外语学院世界文学研究所教授、博导、所长、历任北京大学文化文学与翻译研究学会会长，获国务院颁发有特殊贡献专家称号，现任国际中西文化比较协会会长（双会长制），中国外国文学学会莎士比亚研究会会长，商务印书馆《英语世界》杂志顾问等。曾兼任清华大学、南开大学、美国瓦西塔大学客座教授和北京东方神州书画院一级书画师。

Gu Zhengkun, born in 1952, is a professor, director and director of the Institute of World Literature of Peking University School of Foreign Languages. He has served as the president of the Institute of Cultural Literature and Translation Studies of Peking University. He was awarded the title of Special Contribution Expert by the State Council and is currently the President of the International Association of Chinese and Western Cultures，and President of the Shakespeare Research Society of the Chinese Foreign Literature Society, and consultant to the English-language magazine of the Commercial Press. He has also held roles as a visiting professor at Tsinghua University, Nankai University, and Ouachita Baptist University (USA), and is recognized as a First-Class Painter and Calligrapher at the Beijing Oriental Shenzhou Academy of Painting and Calligraphy.

《老子》

理雅各(James Legge，1815年-1897年)是近代英国著名汉学家，曾任香港英华书院校长，伦敦布道会传教士。他是第一个系统研究、翻译中国古代经典的人，从1861年到1886年的25年间，将《四书》、《五经》等中国主要典籍全部译出，共计28卷，他也是儒莲翻译奖的第一个获得者。1840年1873年间，理雅各作为伦敦传教会传教士，在马六甲以及香港传教，他也是牛津大学的第一位汉语教授。理雅格的多卷本《中国经典》、《法显行传》、《中国的宗教:儒教、道教与基督教的对比》和《中国编年史》等著作在西方汉学界占有重要地位。

James Legge (20 December 1815 – 29 November 1897) was a Scottish sinologist, missionary, and scholar, best known as the first scholar to systematically study and translate the Chinese classics into English. Over a period of 25 years, from 1861 to 1886, he translated all the major Confucian classics, including the Four Books and the Five Classics, publishing them in 28 volumes. The Chinese Classics earned him the first Prix Stanislas Julien. Legge served as a representative of the London Missionary Society in Malacca and Hong Kong (1840–1873) and was the first Professor of Chinese at Oxford University (1876–1897). In association with Max Müller he prepared the monumental Sacred Books of the East series, published in 50 volumes between 1879 and 1891.

《老子》

Dwight& Henry版英文译文

译者：德怀特·戈达德

德怀特·戈达德(1861–1939)，美国作家、传教士、商人、工程师和发明家。1932年，德怀特·戈达德（Dwight Goddard）将大乘佛教典籍集由中文译为英文。这部名为《佛教圣经》的合集帮助许多美国人认识了大乘佛教。他曾先后两次翻译《道德经》，被后人视为从宗教视角解读《道德经》的典范。

Dwight Goddard (1861–1939) is an American writer, missionary, businessman, engineer, and inventor. In 1932, Dwight Goddard introduced a collection of Mahayana Buddhist texts translated from the Chinese. This collection, entitled A Buddhist Bible, has helped introduce many Americans to Mahayana. He translated the Tao Te Ching twice and the translation is regarded by later generations as a model for interpreting the Tao Te Ching from a religious perspective.

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