but during my reign, we have been defeated by the State of Qi on the east with my eldest son’s life sacrificed there; on the west we have lost seven hundred li of territory to the State of Qin, and on the south we have suffered humiliation at the hands of the State of Chu.

But since it descended to me, on the east we have been defeated by Ch’î, and then my eldest son perished; on the west we have lost seven hundred li of territory to Ch’in; and on the south we have sustained disgrace at the hands of Ch’û.

But in my lifetime, we have been beaten in the east by Ch’i, where my eldest son died; we have lost in the west seven hundred miles of land, to Ch’in; we have been disgraced in the south by Ch’u.

But here I am: defeated by Ch'i in the east, my eldest son dead in the battle; seven hundred square miles lost to Ch’i in the west; and humiliated by Ch'u in the south.

But since I have ascended the throne, we have been defeated by Tse on the east; my son has been slain; and on the west we havelost territory by Tsin.